Normal –These lenses are typically a very small range, normally between the 50mm and 55mm range.  They are very basic and not made to do close-ups, or zoom shots at all.  The typical normal lens in this size range will offer a view angle of approximately 45 degrees, which is a decent frame size.

Wide Angle –These lenses are made to do the panoramic types of shots.  Typically, any lens that is less than 50mm is classified as a wide-angle lens.  Wide angel lenses can range from as small as 6mm up to 50mm.  A lens that has a 15mm range will typically have a view angle of approximately 110 degrees.  A lens that has a 28mm range will usually measure close to a 75-degree view angle.  As you can see, the range of the lens has a great amount of affect for the capabilities for the view angle that the lens can handle.  Fish-eye lenses are typically lenses that are very short range; however cover a wide 180-degree range.  Lenses that are 20mm or shorter are called ultra-wide. 

Telephoto –These lenses typically are those that are greater than 60mm.  Telephoto lenses can range from 60mm up to as high as 2000mm.  The price of these lenses varies greatly depending upon the zoom range, as well as the manufacture.  Telephoto lenses are great for taking objects far away and bringing them in very close in the frame, making it a great shot that will fill the frame perfectly.  The range of the telephoto lens greatly affects the view range of the lens.  A lens that is approximately 105mm has a view angle of 23 degrees, while a 200mm lens produces only a 12-degree view angle.  To see the biggest difference a 600mm lens can only produce a view range of a mere 4 degrees.  This will omit almost any background picture you need. 

As you can see, there is a large range of area that can be covered to create the perfect shot.  Whether you want a close-up of a particular person, or the perfect panoramic view, it is possible with the correct lens.  Remember that while looking for lenses if you purchase wisely, you can have a few lenses that cover the greatest amount of space, rather than a wide variety of lenses that have a limited use.  Shop carefully for the best lens for your needs.